Archive for the 'help wanted' Category

More fungus among us (Olympian ringworm request)

Gem asked several interesting questions on the Ringworm post about how much “housekeeping” is safe and reasonable and what additional steps could be taken for habitat ringworm. That is, if one does the usual steps to prevent the fungus and looks for the obvious culprits, what else can one prudently do?

I’m reluctant to offer any other suggestions as I am at the limit of my knowledge. A couple of things to keep in mind–

  • People are very large (micro)organisms. So what kills fungus, bacteria,  etc. will also disrupt the big stuff (us) with a large enough dose or frequent enough application  or mixed with something else. Much the way chemotherapy can be said to kill the cancer cells but just before it kills the body, there needs to be a careful balance between treatment and over-treatment.
  • Be sure you know what you are dealing with. Lots of conditions look similar but may have different causes and thus different treatments. For ringworm, I would rely on someone skilled in diagnosing different kinds of skin lesions.

I asked the veterinary Worms-and-germs folks http://www.wormsandgermsblog.com/ to do a post or commentary here about ringworm but haven’t heard back, yet.

On topic and timely, Olympic ringsworm–

J&J Wins Favored Status By Curing Statue Fungus Woes
By JASON LEOW in Beijing and SHIRLEY S. WANG and KELLY CROW in New York
August 18, 2008; Page A16

Inside Olympian sneakers in Beijing surely rages a case or two of athlete’s foot.

But that fungus no longer plagues a handful of 2,000-year-old statues here, which explains why China lent the artifacts to the corporate pavilion of Johnson & Johnson. A maker of athlete’s foot cream for half a century, J&J helped rescue one of China’s most precious archaeological treasures from a damaging athlete’s-foot-like fungus.

“We know everything about fungus,” says Chong Siong Hin, a J&J executive.

… The statues are called terracotta warriors…

Upon Emperor Qin’s death, he and his warriors were sealed in his mausoleum and forgotten until 1974, when owners of a persimmon orchard discovered the site while digging a well.

Archaeologists hailed the terracotta warriors as the find of the century. But soon after they were unearthed, heat and humidity attracted tiny spores of tinea pedis and other types of fungus that attacked the clay statues. Fungi excrete acid that began corroding the relics….

About a decade later, J&J learned of the fungus problem and started to wage battle against it.

Never having fought fungus on nonhumans, J&J invested years and hundreds of thousands of dollars researching molds on clay tiles and flowerpots.

Museum officials sent chunks of terracotta to J&J’s laboratory outside Antwerp, Belgium, to test for organisms. Ultimately, J&J and Chinese scientists identified 60 different fungi growing on the statues, including a variation of athlete’s foot.

The identification of the fungus helped to lead to the development of some fungicides that are proving effective. [...]

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB121901745077548227.html

The mention of acid in the passage brings up an aspect of fungus habitat I haven’t read about– pH of the skin surface. I suppose it might be worth daubing on Milk of Magnesia as a counterbalance (this was supposed to work to get rid of tomato blisters around the mouth, but I have NOT seen any demonstration that this in fact occurs). Does anyone have suggestions that are demonstrated safe and effective , please comment here.


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More historical resources, Mr Peter Nick of Russian Mission

Nastasia (Nastasia’s Window to Rural Living - http://yupikteacherinprogress.blogspot.com/), one of the Tundra Teachers, writes from Russian Mission.

Her grandfather Ap’a Peter “Papasneak” Nick just turned 90 years old.

He remembers how the Great Pandemic of 1918-1919 affected him and those around him.

When his health started declining he told me how his mom died when he was around two due to the flu epidemic. He would look down and put his hand in a sweeping motion in front of him and say, “I can still see it when they put her in the mud. My auntie Qiatguq- the first Qiatguq behind me, and behind her my other three aunties.” He said that his aunt that took him in died shortly after his mom, then he was adopted by the couple he calls his parents - Peter and Nastasia Nick. I once asked him what was his mom’s name, he did not recall only knowing her as mom. His biological father was not in the picture, being a Caucasian miner by the name of George Fredricks who later moved to Sleetmute. By the time he was a teenager both his adoptive parents died and he lived with his uncle and cousins.

I hope we get to hear more from him and from others. There is an urgent need to understand how people cope with disasters. In Canada, there has been a special call for nonagenarians to work with epidemiologists.

Read the entry here [...] British Columbian? Over 98? Please call
Yesterday Helen Branswell reported on a British Columbia project to interview people who recall the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918-19.

Oral histories aren’t just recordings. When asked by prepared interviewers, people’s experiences are invaluable for those yet to come. [see your local archivist or state museum for more information. I have a number of resources I send out to the SciTEK teachers but none posted on-line at the moment.]

I also hope Nastasia continues writing.

Previous posts–


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E-mail the University

University of Alaska Fairbanks has an interim chancellor, Brian Rogers, who is looking for input from the community, according to today’s Newsminer.

The process consists of 15 committees covering such topics as enrollment and sustainability. Each committee will meet during June to work on a report containing suggestions and priorities important to the committee.

http://newsminer.com/news/2008/jun/21/interim-chancellor-rogers-seeks-public-opinion-uaf/

Fifteen committees is a large number and there aren’t many days left in June. There will be meetings open to the public and a website to track the university’s activities, http://www.uaf.edu/transition. The community committee is organized to reflect its importance to UAF.

As just one of the 15, the community committee was further sub-divided.

university’s role in community engagement and community economic development.
Kathryn Dodge, community economic development chair, said the separation of the two topics will allow for more exploration and understanding of each topic. She also points out the need to include areas other than Fairbanks because the university has campuses in Dillingham, Kotzebue and Nome. [Also in Bethel and, scattered about, Interior Aleutians.]

Send your questions, comments, or suggestions to InterimChancellor @ uaf.edu or leave them below.

List of committees and their members–
http://www.uaf.edu/transition/teams/

Electricity disaster declarations in Alaska

Juneau (our nearest US capitol at 1,000 miles away) recently lost their electrical infrastructure. An avalanche breached the power lines from the hydroelectric generators. As a consequence, electricity must be generated from diesel-fueled generators which are much more expensive. The story reported by APRN.org,
http://aprn.org/2008/04/16/avalanches-drive-up-electricity-costs-in-juneau/ noted that costs per kilowatt hour were expected to go from 11 cents to 40 to 50 cents.

My ears perked at this because in Bethel I “normally” pay 40 cents or so per kwh, with the Power Cost Equalization subsidy that the state legislature (who meets in usually cheap Juneau) sometimes provides. Businesses in Bethel pay quite a bit more.

Some Juneau people have been concerned enough at the sudden increase in electrical rates to request a declaration of emergency.

Mr Nels Anderson, Jr. on the Nushagak (our sister rivershed) has very good ideas to consider in this APRN interview. Dillingham’s rates are only slightly less than Bethel’s.

Phillip Munger at Progressive Alaska reprints Mr Anderson’s letter to Gov. Palin which stresses that the crisis in Alaska power rates is not just in Juneau.

I am hoping that our Rural elected leaders, regional organizations, state-wide organizations will insist that village energy needs be considered along with Juneau. Juneau does have a serious problem but all of our villages do as well.

Read more about Mr Anderson and his letter here http://progressivealaska.blogspot.com/2008/04/

    How much do you normally pay for electricity?
  • Bethel

0.39/kwh plus something called “customer charge” (flat $10.98) plus 6% sales tax

For 390 kwh (about the very least usage possible) costs $172.19 Power cost equalization knocks off $0.2162 or $84.32 for final total of $87.87

  • Dillingham

31 cents/kwh plus $9 surcharge

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MRSA blog

Maryn McKenna who provided valuable references to historical pandemic flu (1918-1919), is currently working on a book about Methicillin-resistant staph infections, MRSA.

She’s using a web log for her research. This allows us to track some of the latest research findings through her, but also allows interaction with readers as she is developing the book.

This blog is the virtual whiteboard for my new book, SUPERBUG: The Rise of Drug-Resistant Staph and the Danger of a World Without Antibiotics, coming in 2009 from Free Press. Whether you’re a MRSA researcher or a MRSA victim — or simply a major disease geek — I’m interested in your leads, thoughts, comments and stories. Watch this space for drafts and details as SUPERBUG moves forward.

I’m a freelance writer and author specializing in public health, medicine and health policy. I write features for national magazines and news stories for an infectious-disease website. In addition to this new book about the rise of drug-resistant staph around the world, I’m working on a multi-year research project on emergency room overcrowding and stress. … I’m interested in hearing from researchers, victims and disease geeks; all tips, thoughts, leads and personal stories are welcome. For more about me, check my website in the blogroll, along with other important sites about public health and disease. Let’s get started.

MRSA is now part of our tundra environment, along with various respiratory diseases (RSV, pneumonias) and skin infections (impetigo). This makes us part of the larger world– which we have been, of course, although some readers of the Anchorage Daily News seem blinded to the concept (Respiratory infections in Bush raise alarm : comments). MRSA is an example of evolution, an inadvertent selection by the medical system against the more benign or easier to kill (therefore less dangerous) microbes by killing them off with antibiotics. This allows the resistant microbes to take over. It also allows the resistant microbes to live outside the healthcare system in the community.

See previous posts,

It would be interesting to apply some of the understanding about MRSA to that of the higher rate of infectious diseases related to sanitation in our region. Inadequate clean water supplies are part, but not all, of the problem suggested by the recently published study. The region focussed on in the research is also served by just one health corporation which in the past, at least, has used antibiotics freely.

Also,

Medical photos from DermNet of Cellulitis
Furuncles Carbuncles (boils)
Staphylococcal Folliculitis (boils)


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Dear Reader: appearance change

I’m switching back to displaying the latest posts on the entry webpage, rather than the welcome/about page. Unless someone has a preference for the welcome page (let me know). I’m not sure which alternative is most useful to readers. I could also set one of the other posts or pages as the entry, such as the handwashing post. Any suggestions?

Draft bill– Alaska Reserve Police Officers Act (VPSO/VPO)

VPSO task force issues report on village safety was reported on APRN statewide public radio, Tue, January 29, 2008. There was a follow-up discussion by several listeners. One, Eric W., mentioned:

I submitted a draft bill to Rep. Harris’ office last year (and again this year) which would change the state statutes and allow for armed, volunteer reserve peace officers for the various agencies around the state. Currently, there is no such law allowing for or giving authority to reserve peace officers.

To continue the discussion, I am posting the draft bill here. The numbers in the left margin are only for reference for discussion purposes. If you have questions or suggested changes on the draft, simply mention the line numbers so others may follow along. For example, “Lines 79 to 83 are the last paragraph of the draft”.

Please read/listen to the original discussion, then add your suggestions or comments to http://aprn.org/2008/01/29/vpso-task-force-issues-report-on-village-safety/. Comments stay open until March 23, 2008. You may also comment here, in the blocks below.

IN THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF ALASKA TWENTY-FIFTH LEGISLATURE - FIRST SESSION BY
Offered:
Referred:
Sponsor(s):

A BILL FOR AN ACT ENTITLED ALASKA RESERVE POLICE OFFICERS ACT

“An Act relating to Minimum Standards for Police Officers.”

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF ALASKA:

  1. *Article 1. 13 AAC 85 is amended to add:
  2. 13 AAC 85.025 Reserve police officers authorized. (a) A law enforcement agency
  3. may authorize reserve police officers.
  4. (b) A person who meets the minimum standards under13 AAC 85.010 for
  5. appointment as a peace officer may be appointed as a reserve police officer.
  6. (c) An agency establishing a law enforcement reserve force
  7. shall adopt and publish a manual setting forth the minimum qualifications, minimum
  8. training standards, and standard operating procedures for reserve police officers.
  9. Prohibition on reduction of full-time officers. A local government may not reduce
  10. the authorized number of permanent law enforcement officers through the
  11. appointment or utilization of reserve officers.
  12. 13 AAC 85.055 Basic reserve police officer training program required. (a) No
  13. reserve police officer may be authorized to function as a police officer of a law
  14. enforcement agency performing general law enforcement duties after 14 months
  15. from the original appointment unless the reserve police officer has satisfactorily
  16. completed a minimum 88 hour basic training program which must include but need
  17. not be limited to the following course content:
  18. (1) introduction and orientation–1 hour;
  19. (2) police ethics and professionalism–1 hour;
  20. (3) criminal law–4 hours;
  21. (4) laws of arrest–4 hours;
  22. (5) criminal evidence–4 hours;
  23. (6) administration of criminal law–2 hours;
  24. (7) communications, reports, and records–2 hours;
  25. (8) crime investigations–3 hours;
  26. (9) interviews and interrogations–2 hours;
  27. (10) patrol procedures–6 hours;
  28. (11) crisis intervention–4 hours;
  29. (12) police human and community relations–3 hours;
  30. (13) juvenile procedures–2 hours;
  31. (14) defensive tactics–4 hours;
  32. (15) crowd control tactics–4 hours;
  33. (16) firearms training–30 hours;
  34. (17) first aid–10 hours; and
  35. (18) examination and testimony–2 hours.
  36. (b) The law enforcement agency is responsible for training its reserve police officers
  37. in accordance with minimum training standards established by the Alaska Police
  38. Standards Council.
  39. Status of reserve officer upon appointment. Upon being appointed by the chief
  40. law enforcement administrator of the agency and only while on assigned duty a
  41. reserve officer is vested with the same powers, rights, privileges, obligations, and
  42. duties as any other peace officer in the state.
  43. Limitations on activities of reserve officers. (a) A reserve police officer may only
  44. be appointed on the orders and at the direction of the chief law enforcement
  45. administrator of the agency.
  46. (b) A reserve police officer may act only in a supplementary capacity to the agency.
  47. Minimum Service Hours. A reserve police officer must serve a minimum of 16
  48. hours per month or an aggregate of 192 hours per year to maintain certification as a
  49. reserve police officer. Reserve police officers failing to meet this minimum standard
  50. will have their certification revoked and must complete the minimum basic training
  51. program prior to being reinstated.
  52. Restrictions on carrying weapons. (a) No reserve police officer may carry
  53. weapon:
  54. (1) while on assigned duty until the reserve police officer has qualified on the firing
  55. range with a weapon in compliance with the firearms qualifying course conducted
  56. by the Alaska law enforcement academy; and
  57. (2) until authorized by the agency chief law enforcement administrator to carry a
  58. weapon.
  59. (b) Reserve police officers:
  60. (1) are subordinate to permanent law enforcement officers; and
  61. (2) may not serve unless supervised by a permanent law enforcement officer whose
  62. span of control would be considered within reasonable limits.
  63. Reserve police officer change in residency. A reserve police officer may change
  64. permanent residency to another part of the state and remain a reserve police officer
  65. of the agency to which the reserve police officer was appointed or transfer to a new
  66. agency provided that:
  67. (1) the statutory basic training requirements have been met;
  68. (2) the probationary period established by the law enforcement agency is completed;
  69. and
  70. (3) approval for continuing membership or transfer is granted by the chief law
  71. enforcement administrator controlling the reserve unit.
  72. Termination of reserve police officers. Reserve police officers serve at the
  73. discretion of the chief law enforcement administrator and may be terminated by
  74. written notification at any time by the chief law enforcement administrator without
  75. any cause.
  76. Prohibition on participation in certain pension and retirement systems. A
  77. reserve police officer may not participate in any pension or retirement system
  78. established for permanent law enforcement officers.
  79. Provision of workers’ compensation coverage. Each law enforcement agency that
  80. utilizes reserve police officers shall provide full workers’ compensation coverage for
  81. the officers while they are providing actual service for the agency. The agencies
  82. shall pay to the insurer an appropriate premium, as established by the insurer, to
  83. cover the insurance risk of providing coverage to the officers.

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Castor oil soap and Dettol Lysol

My apologies for not returning sooner to Mr. M. Manogaran’s interesting query left as a comment at
http://ykalaska.wordpress.com/2006/05/03/disinfectants-for-camp-field-and-household/ (Scrounging for funds interferes with interesting work.)


Kindly write to the %age proportion of Castor Oil Soap-35% being used to formulate Antiseptic Liquid Like Dettol.

I think the interest is in
* why is there soap in a disinfectant and
* why is the soap made from castor oil?

If I have failed to ask and/or answer your questions correctly please let me know. If anyone can provide additional references or a better discussion, please note in the comments.

Unfortunately, I am not an organic chemist so I can’t give great detail. But here is what I think is the short answer. The soap is used to keep the germicide (cresol or phenol) in solution until it is mixed with water for actual use (the cloudy mixed result indicates the phenol compound becoming suspended rather than dissolved). Soap is made from a fat or oil and an alkali. Castor oil has particular physical properties which make it a good molecule for making the soap to interact with the cresol/phenol molecule.

The liquid concentrate of Dettol ® and brown-bottle Lysol ® are composed of a phenol or cresol compound, alcohols, pine oil (Dettol®) and “other ingredients” which are soap, water, and caramel for coloring. When first introduced to Britain, the formula for Lysol was 50% cresol and the rest liquid soap. Lysol was so important that its commercial formula was legally established in the British Pharmacopoeia and in 1934 court standards “held that Lysol must contain 47 to 53 per cent. of cresols”. ["To use this [fake] article as a disinfectant might be worse than using none at all; its use would give a false feeling of security.”
http://www.rsc.org/delivery/_ArticleLinking/DisplayArticleForFree.cfm?doi=AN9345900691 (pdf file)]

I have added below some references for further examination but in particular the chemical references or databases used for the lay term lysol, Lysol ® and Dettol ®. I have tried at the end to give the identification numbers for the compounds under discussion. These ID numbers, for example the CAS number, are unique to a chemical compound. The use is similar to the binomial scientific name used to specify which of the very many different plants in different cultures that have the same common name.

CAS REGISTRY and CAS Registry Numbers. The CAS REGISTRY is the largest and most current database of chemical substances [...] http://www.cas.org/expertise/cascontent/registry/regsys.html

These databases can also be searched for the chemical or toxic properties of other chemicals. The Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) the 100-year old database of the American Chemical Society, is an excellent resource but only available for a fee. There is a comparable US Pharmacopoeia (USP) and a British Pharmacopoeia (BP) but perhaps someone else can locate the Internet links to these databases.

=================================== Continue reading ‘Castor oil soap and Dettol Lysol’

Briefs 4

[oo] For those not getting the E-mail or hearing our best radio news–
[deadline]

I am inviting all Alaskans to become involved in the state budget process by participating in a web survey.

Voices Across Alaska: State Budget Priorities is an opportunity for all Alaskans to provide your opinion on how the state’s projected budget surplus should be saved and invested. Surveys will be accepted through 5 p.m. on December 3, 2007.

The survey is limited to a few choices about where to stash the surplus. Click here to take the brief survey.
http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.aspx?sm=SdLawkgxb2H6o7oAkmv2ZA_3d_3d

But a lot of people initially saw the invitation as I did– asking for input on the budget itself. There are some really good ideas from commenters at APRN.org. Governor seeks statewide feedback on how to spend new oil revenue There are so many things unfunded in rural Alaska that any “surplus” should play catch-up. [e.g., scientific support for the Unorganized Borough; comprehensive assessment of environmental change and community impacts; access to affordable health care; decent elder support such as elder-run senior centers and assisted living housing; Governor's public involvement coordinator; etc.] APRN comments will be open for 45 days so add yours there. Maybe the Governor’s office will read those, too.

[oo]
From The Sunday Times December 2, 2007 Webwise: Dealing with disaster Scared of terrorism or bird flu? The internet can tell you what the real risks are and how to cope with them Robbie Hudson

[oo]
Spike in Disease Doesn’t Always Mean an Epidemic Despite Fears Over Rising Numbers, An Increase in Incidence May Be Good By Roy Richard Grinker Special to The Washington Post Tuesday, October 30, 2007; HE04

[oo]
50 years on: The Keeling Curve legacy By Helen Briggs Science reporter, BBC News Mauna Loa Curve (BBC) It is a scientific icon, which belongs, some claim, alongside E=mc2 and the double helix. Its name - the Keeling Curve - may be scarcely known outside scientific circles, but the jagged upward slope showing rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere has become one of the most famous graphs in science, and a potent symbol of our times.

[oo]
Clogged by plastic bags, Africa begins banning them Several African countries have taken bold new measures to tackle the region’s severe waste-management problems. By Sarah Simpson | Correspondent of The Christian Science Monitor from the November 30, 2007 edition
Bags are a local hazard, too. Officials give tips on dealing with dead birds

[oo]
A tale of pigs, people, and a shared germ By Stephen Smith Globe Staff / November 12, 2007 The past couple of decades have yielded repeated - and lethal - reminders of how animals can make people sick. Think apes and AIDS, mosquitoes and West Nile virus [pigs, ducks, people and influenza]. The latest example: pigs and MRSA, the bacterium that in recent weeks has infected schoolchildren and caused custodians to scour emptied classrooms, dousing any trace of the germ.

[oo]
Q&A: Bird flu James Sturcke and David Batty explain the background to the virus and how Britain is responding to the threat of a pandemic Monday November 12, 2007 Guardian Unlimited

[oo]
Children’s books to help fight bird flu, Posted Wed Nov 7, 2007, ABC.net.au
Australia’s quarantine watchdog has turned to children’s books to help stop the spread of bird flu into the country. The Australian Quarantine Inspection Service has commissioned two Torres Strait women to write and illustrate a book called My Sick Pelican. The book will be circulated through Torres Strait schools to help children identify sick birds.


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New historic pandemic resources available

Earlier I posted about the University of Melbourne, School of Population Health collection of historical documents provided on-line, FluWeb Historical Influenza Database. Within those documents were materials related to the effect of the 1918-1919 pandemic on Alaska Natives.
Flu history and research database

Alaska and Eskimo data in 1920 British report

They have now added new documents. We need to do the same, Cangerlaagpiit (Epidemics) — historical lessons

FluWeb email update number 3.

  • Mortality from Influenza and Pneumonia in 50 Large Cities of the United States, 1910-1929 - Collins, S.D., Frost, W.H., Gover, M. and Sydenstricker E.
  • (Source ID = 29) Collected statistics on recorded mortality due to influenza and pneumonia from 50 large cities of the United States over the period 1910-1930. Includes weekly death rates for 35 cities over the pandemic period September 1918 to June 1919; December 1919 to April 1920 and November 1928 to April 1929.

  • Annual Reports of the Board of Health, city of Cambridge, Massachusetts for the years 1918 and 1918
  • (Source ID = 30,31) Summary statistics regarding major causes of death and morbidity for Cambridge MA, including influenza.

  • Annual Report of the Department of Health, city of New York for the years 1918 and 1919 (incomplete)
  • (Source ID = 33) Summary statistics regarding major causes of death and morbidity for New York, including influenza.

  • The Incidence of Epidemic Influenza, 1918-19 - Britten, R.H.
  • (Source ID = 32) (Subtitle: A Further Analysis according to age, sex and color of the records of morbidity and mortality obtained in surveys of 12 localities) Detailed analysis of aspects of the 1918-19 pandemic in 12 US localities. Includes analysis of morbidity, mortality and case-fatality rates by sex and age.

    To access data from the new resources:
    1) Visit FluWeb at http://influenza.sph.unimelb.edu.au/
    2) Click ‘Source Search’ under ‘Search Pages’
    3) enter the Source ID (shown below) of the new resource and click ‘Submit Search’.
    4) From the search results, click the button labelled ‘See ALL records from Source’.


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